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A boson is a type of particle which obeys laws called Bose-Einstein statistics. They include mesons and helium nuclei.
Bosons have the ability to occupy the same space as other bosons which have the same energy. This is in marked contrast to most particles, which are fermions.
Special bosons (called gauge bosons) are responsible for forces between other particles:
In addition there is a hypothetical particle, the Higgs bosons, which are supposed to be responsible for the mass which other particles have. The theory is that they attach themselves to other particles and so give them mass.
Experiments are under way at CERN and elsewhere to identify and describe this elusive particle.
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