Kings and Peasants 5 kya

This cooling might have been why nomads started to leave the steppe. The tribes on the steppe tamed the wild horses which lived there, and learnt to build battle chariots. Horses gave them milk, meat and transport, making nomads very powerful warriors. They fought each other for the shrinking grass lands.

By about 4000 years ago the nomads who lost the battles had to leave the steppe and search for pasture in other lands. Some may have entered China, some went into India, others went into Europe, while others went to the Middle East. They easily defeated the cities, which had neither horses nor chariots. The nomads became kings and lords while the farmers became peasants. These kings fought each other, or searched for new land to conquer.